EICHEDE
1) The Town
Eichede is a parochial village and is located south of Bad Oldesloe, along the country road from Trittau to Bad Oldesloe. It was formerly administrated by the Amt Trittau.
According to its location, the village was a Slavic settlement from around the time of Karl the Great, so, founded around 900 A.D.
Under the rule of wendish sovereign Selaomir, it was named Slamersekede; later, the name was shortened to "Eichede" (or “Eke” in Low German), no doubt after the famous old oaks (“Eichen”).
1259 is the first year the town is mentioned in a document.
In 1426 there were 18 full-farms, in 1483 even 19 full-farms.
The tax registry from 1619 names 16 full farms and 6 half-farms, 1 cottager, and 7 cultivators. In 1615, the two largest of these were combined to form a baronial dairy farm named “Christinenhof” (which means “the farm of Lady Christine”).
The owner had a tankard; he was allowed to brew and serve beer.
- Quote from 1619: “For Heyn Westphalen's farm, which at this time has been converted to a dairy farm and is currently inhabited by Dietrich Stamerjohann, the following tax is to be paid: Rent 1 Thaler 28 Schillings, Brewery Permit 1 Thaler.
- For Heyn Goeben Jr. farm, which has been added to that dairy farm, a rent of 24 Schillings is to be paid.”
- The tax registry from 1631 states:
- “Heyn Westphalen's farm, converted to a dairy farm in 1615, but burned in 1627.
- Hein Goeben's son Dettleff has expropriated the abandoned acreage previously used as dairy farm.”
The area of the Eichede country parish in 1909 comprised: 3000 acres, 2500 of which were farmland, about 375 acres were meadows, and 50 acres woodlands that belonged to the farmers.
Today, Eichede and the villages Sprenge and Mollhagen form the Gemeinde Steinburg township, which is administrated by the Amt Oldesloe-Land. In 2002, this township had 2416 residents.
2) The Church
Eichede has been a parish since about 1280; the exact date the church was built is unknown. The altar is from 1640; the pulpit is from 1704. The present church (1909) comes from 1757 and is a roomy half-timbered building with a brick western wall; the clock tower over the western side is supported by two of the church's strong pillars.
In 1628, the pastorate burned down. Church accounts books, first begun in 1588, now begin agaiin 1628 and have been maintained since. The church ledgers first begin in 1677.
3) History
The area contains 5 very large and 5 smaller burial mounds; excavations have revealed 2 golden rings and diverse types of urns.
Church events caused great suffering in Eichede in 1713 and 1813/14. On Dec. 14, 1813, 80 cows, 200 sheep, and 3000 rations of oats, bread, and hay were demanded by the soldiers.
On December 21, the Russian quarters held 800 men.
Resulting from a conflagration in 1864 that reduced the entire western sector to ashes, there are proportionally many new buildings there.
4) Populace
A tax census list from around 1483 mentions 19 names. These are therefore the oldest known residents. Their names are:
Titke Westfalen (farmer steward), Henneke Stapelvelt, Hans Mertens, Merten Merten, Hans Bylevelt, Titke Beken, Marquard Sparlinck, Hans Spilliker, Hinrich Meyres, Bertelt Rellingh, Henneke Vulff, Make Stapelvelt, Hermen Rellinck, Heyne Rellingk, Hans Symens, Hermen Meyres, - Poltzen, Heyne Ghowen, Henneke Roidinges
Tax list from Amt Trittau 1631/1632:
We read : 16 farms, 6 half-farms, 1 cottager, 8 cultivators, 4 day-laborers
Hein Westphalen homestead so Anno 1615 made into a dairy farm, but burned in 1627
Hein Goeben's son Dettleff has expropriated the abandoned acreage previously used as dairy farm.
Henrich Kortingh (farmer steward, brewer)
Hans Lodingh von Westerou, so Jacob Stapelfeldt's daughter freed
Pasche Sperlings son-in-law Hein Westphall, Lambert Willhövet, Hein Meiners, Henrich Goebe
Henrich Wulff, Lamberd Bestman's widow, Jochimb Bilefeldt, Laurentz Moller instead of Jacob Schacht
Thies Goeben, Hein Sperlingh, Laurentz Moller's widow
Half-farms: Young Hans Wulff, Jacob Westphall, Jochimb Meiners, Hans Apffell, Henrich Moller
Henrich Pryss/Preis, Jochimb Burmeister
Cottagers: Henrich Gaterman
Cultivators: Hein Westphall the old farmer steward is dead and the cottage burned down
Henrich Stapelfeld, Henrich Bueck, young Jochimb Bilefeldt instead of Jochimb Westphall
Hans Gaterman's widow, Barthold Nieman, Jacob Westphall at the Redder, Hans Malchow
Day-laborers: Steffen Stapelfeldt, Peter Schwinger, Heinrich Westphaell, Paul Westphaell
Poll tax 1720 : as craftsmen are mentioned the brewer Hinrich Stahmer, the smith Hans Kock, the wheelwright Hans Meiners, and the linen weaver Claus Görtz.
Accounts from Amt Trittau 1750/51
The tax registry from 1750 names 11 full farms, 1 3/4-farm, 6 half-farms, 2 cottagers, 7 cultivators, and 22 day-laborers (servants and craftsmen) including 1 swineherd and 2 cowherds.
Hanß Nefcken (farmer steward), Hinrich Friedrich Stahmer, Jochim Löding, Hinrich Willhöft
the old Schröder, Ties Göben, Hinrich Zingelmann, Peter Kruse, Hinrich Möller, Hinrich Appel
Hinrich Willhöft, the old Göben, Hans Appell
“Gabriel Witt the hereditary tenant has the farms of Hans Meyners and Hinrich Bestmanns; see 1732-20”
3/4-farms: Hinrich Westphal
Half-farms: Gabriel Reeders, Hanß Meyners, Frantz Nefcken, Hinrich Stapelfeldt, Jürgen Meyners
Hanß Brügmann
Cottagers: Hanß Koch, heir of Koch the house steward
Cultivators: Hein Westphal, Hanß Pöhls, Hans Stapelfeld, Peter Buck, Hinrich Westphal, Friedrich Westphal
Andreas Pöhlsen, Hans Willhöft,
Day-laborers: Hanß Sparr (“old”) , Jacob Löding, Hinrich Minck, Hanß Löding, Gabriel Kruse Schweinehirt,
Hanß Reeders (“invalid”), Christian Schröder (“old”), Johann Willhöft, Claus Druwe, Hinrich Pöhlsen
Claus Westphal (“indigent”) Frantz Appel, Asmus Petersen (“moved away”), Hanß Burmeister
Carl Stadtländer, Jacob Göben, Dethleff Tietjen cowherd, Johann Willhöft cowherd, Hanß Meyner's widow
Hanß Hinrich Stehr, Hanß Heins, (Doctor) Luther, Johann Willhöft
In 1855, Eichede had 545 residents, a school with 2 teachers and 130 children, 4 hostelries, 1 smith, 1 baker, and "several craftsmen". Some residents had supplementary income from lumber trade with Hamburg.
In 1909, Eichede had 581 residents, a three-class school, a dairy farm, a scrap mill, several hostelries, traders, and 20 manufacturers.
In 1909 there were 10 farms: (ha = hectare, a metric unit equal to 100 ares [2.471 acres])
Johannes Ove 106 ha (= double farm), Rudolf Stahmer 102 ha (= double farm), Heinrich Timmermann 56 ha, Adolf Willhöft 55 ha, Gustav Sengelmann 55 ha, Heinrich Stahmer 55 ha, Adolf Stolten 54 ha,
Karl Martens 53 ha, Heinrich Meiners 52 ha, Hinrich Appel 51 ha,
furthermore 5 smaller areas 25-50 ha (= half-farms, quarter-farms) and 21 areas of 1 - 25 ha.
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